The Definitions and Arguments of Literacy :: Technology Literary Works Essays

The word â€Å"literacy† conveys different meanings to different people. Some people may accept a single definition, while others may develop complex, multi-faceted meanings of the word. This essay explores a broad range of literary definitions, arguments and statistics to convey a clearer picture of how people embrace literacy. Throughout this essay, we will focus on three sources: the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) recently published â€Å"Reading at Risk† report, and two pieces by Nancy Kaplan, Professor and Director of the University of Baltimore’s School of Information Arts and Technologies. The â€Å"Reading at Risk† report published in June 2004, proclaims the findings of a Census Bureau survey performed in 2002. Survey participants were asked questions over the telephone about their reading habits, participation in civic activities, TV watching and the like. The NEA holds that a gradual decline in reading over the past twenty years has occurred. Even more recently, they claim that a 10% decline has occurred within the past 14 years suggesting a more rapid decline in the years to come (NEA, 2004). According to this report, literacy is defined as the ability to read high quality works, which require increased intellectual capacity, dependent upon a reader’s education, culture and social skills. The report doesn’t mention that reading online, whether news or novels, is acceptable; therefore, it would seem that they are ignoring a large percentage of where and how people are doing reading today. In fact, it appears that the NEA supports the notion t hat with the rise of the Internet, literacy declined as people began â€Å"surfing† in favor of reading literary works, which supposedly require more detailed cognitive skills to absorb. One of the things â€Å"Reading at Risk† does well is offer statistics: People who read are 3 times more likely to go to a performance event and 4 times more likely to visit a museum; People who watch no TV are 1.475 times more likely to read 12+ books per year; 59.4% of people who make over $75k a year are literate (NEA, 2004). Yet it discounts modern mediums, such as the internet, other hypertexts and online publications, a bone of contention for people such as Kaplan. Kaplan holds that traditional society might harbor some ill will toward these online publications and consider them threats, but she goes on to further assert that these texts are growing up with the times—fast-paced, ubiquitous and evolving dynamically (for the better).

Gender Inequality Essay

The issue of gender inequality or discrimination has existed in the financial industry of the United States. This paper aims to present the existence of such practice in the financial world of some of the famous yet lawsuit-stricken Wall Street firms. In particular, a book written by Roth, which has studied and presented the many incidents of gender prejudices, will be critically analyzed. To make the public realize the need for such harmful organizational practice to be stopped is the ultimate goal of this paper. A Critical Analysis of â€Å"Selling Women Short: Gender Inequality on Wall Street† Many literary writings have presented gender inequalities in work settings. Each work has revealed to the public the many damaging implications of gender discrimination. These kinds of prejudices have been manifested in several forms, notable of which are the famous sexual harassment and unfair labor practice cases. Almost always in such lawsuits, the women employees of big business organizations always fall prey or are subjected to various gender-related unfair practices. Several factors are taken into consideration when gender biases occur in work places. While it is worthy to note that modern working women have slowly achieved a sense of work fairness based from their significant contributions in their respective industries, the ghost of the past sill haunts the society. These are evident with the unsettled labor cases having women as the aggrieved parties. These are but some of the main issues presented in many books. Despite the efforts, however, to clearly present the realities within an organization setting, the fact remains that there are still no appropriate responses which may address the issues concerning women employees. One of the many books which concretely depicted the said condition is the 2006 book of Louise Marie Roth entitled â€Å"Selling Women Short: Gender and Money on Wall Street. † In fact, a literary work such as the Roth book is a clear proof that gender inequalities, which beset powerful Wall Street companies almost two decades ago, have destructively affected contemporary work environments. This is because of the idea that only a few of high-profile gender discrimination cases are resolved in favor of the women victims while majority of these lawsuits are decided favoring the managements where the supposed injustices emanate or where the suspected male offenders acquired their influences. These celebrated criminal cases and the eventual out of court settlements have clearly indicated the previous existence of discrimination and continued practice of gender inequality in the professional environment. Despite the efforts of the Roth book to enlighten and rectify the perspective that women in Wall Street nonetheless have their fair share of success, the reality that women in work places are likely to be shortchanged or are â€Å"sold short† of their respective powers and potentials will never cease to exist. This situation will continue unless concrete actions and sincere efforts are made in order to alleviate, if not stop, gender discrimination in work places. â€Å"Selling Women Short,† an Overview As an educator, Roth presented the book in a manner of self-realization. The author learned how Wall Street companies, such as Smith Barney, Morgan Stanley and Merrill Lynch, all of Citigroup, have provided and continued hostile work settings for their women employees despite the existence of many legal limitations. Based from a methodology using research questions and aimed at achieving an investigative design, â€Å"Selling Women Short† matched the male and female employees of Wall Street firms during the period of 1990s and at time when the market and chances were rich. In an era where the work setting was supposedly advantageous to women workers, Roth discovered the many forms of gender discriminations which hampered the female workforce to progress. In short, using thorough study procedures, the authors as presented by her book examined sex inequality on Wall Street and realized that deceitful prejudice is the outcome of people’s ignorant inclinations and injustices which manipulate how they regard other employees and their respective performances (Roth, 2006). The book specifically identified the Wall Street’s practice of performance appraisal system as the apparent cause of gender discrimination (Roth, 2006, pp. 36-37). The book further presented the various manners in which women employees of the said Wall Street firms have attained their respective success. In particular, the triumphs of women working in the security businesses involved searching for an influential male adviser but in the process, ultimately prevent them from joining team efforts where their inputs matter most. The book concluded by manifesting that work and family concerns do not go hand in hand. This is because of the reality that family-related issues could be the most difficult hindrances to gender fairness on Wall Street due to the fact that women workers desire and ultimately have their respective families. Appealing Components The book is most notable for its comprehensive and clear focus on gender-related emphasis, particularly the degrading reality of discrimination against women which was introduced by the Wall Street work settings and which has continued to harm the modern work place. Stunned by an outbreak of celebrated gender or sex inequality cases more than two decades ago, it was expected from Wall Street to sanitize its industries and the activities of its workforce. Interestingly for â€Å"Selling Women Short,† it has thoroughly and powerfully reflected on how Wall Street’s financial companies have cleared continuing discriminatory lawsuits. Roth is to be acclaimed for this fearless ability to research on the particular cases of gender inequalities and eventually share to the readers the results of her study as well as the appalling yet actual situations of discrimination involving women employees of the firms located at the financial capital of the United States. It is also interesting to discover from the book that Wall Street, which is regarded to be a fortress of untainted or wholesome economics as well as supposedly compensating employees according to their accomplishments and assessing their jobs impartially, is in reality nothing but deceptions. It was both an enlightening and enjoyable discovery that Wall Street was amiss with its supposed intention to equally pay employees, regardless of gender but who have the same qualities and achievements. The comparison made by Roth about the work experiences of the people who started their jobs at various Wall Street firms in the later period of the 1990s was truly appealing. This is because the author was able to unearth that aside from the reality that women employees are paid at a standard of 29 percent less than their male colleagues, they are likewise pushed to less rewarding career options as well as were deprived of promotion and worthwhile customers (Roth, 2006). Aside from the mentioned interesting points, the book has remarkably exposed the devious gender inequality in the Wall Street structure. Roth is again to be praised for her explicit revelation of gender discrimination when she wrote on the unwitting prejudices of the members of the management, colleagues of the women employees and the manipulation of the customers on the performance assessments, task allocation, and eventually compensation (Roth, 2006, p. 62). Simply put, the book, through the words of Roth, has effectively presented how employees behind Wall Street companies have portrayed realistically damaging components such as their penchant to relate with those of similar sex and how they have a say to the system of gender discrimination. Ultimately, the author is to be credited with her proposals to limit the practice of all gender-related inequalities. Though the suggestions seem to fall short of being real, such attempt by Roth implied her earnest intention for the public to realize the harms of discrimination. Conclusion Despite the above mentioned interesting attributes of â€Å"Selling Women Short,† the book itself is unfortunately similarly short of its suggestions on how gender inequality could have been addressed, if not stopped, even from its start of existence. While Roth’s writing job was generally appealing and informative primarily because of her efforts to deal with the issue of gender discrimination, it may be in a way perceived that the public was shortchanged of more concrete solutions. Nonetheless, what Roth has ultimately achieved was for the book to eventually sink into the organizational set-up of Wall Street firms where it is aimed at influencing the people who build the practice of gender discrimination to finally put an end to such prejudice. Reference Roth, L. M (2006). Selling Women Short: Gender Inequality on Wall Street. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Sutherland s Theory Of Differential Association A Case...

Sutherland’s Theory of Differential Association: A Case Study Introduction: Sociology says that a person gain its traits from the social strata in which he or she is living in, these might be the good ones or the bad ones. Social upbringing is very important in a person’s life. Crimes breach into the society when there is a loop hole is present in the society. Loop holes are like corruption, injustice, recession and lack of opportunities. Number of the social process theories describe Criminal behavior as it is learned through communication process and it always have the reasons behind. These can be of between family members, friends, or people with in the vicinity. Crime if we take it in general, the most sophisticated ones are the most devastated ones, so what to say of the third world countries. In the present circumstances when we see the issues like terrorism, robbery and etc are destroying the social fiber of the society and instead of producing peace and harmony, delinquency is spreading all over specially in the youth. Have you ever asked yo urself for what reason certain people gotten to be hoodlums? Differential association theory is a theory in criminology which intends to answer this inquiry. This theory was produced by Edwin H. Sutherland, who was a humanist and a teacher. He made the theory to clarify the reasons why individuals carry out wrongdoing. The theory is based upon the thought that hoodlums perpetrate wrongdoings based upon their association withShow MoreRelatedCriminology : The Scientific Study Of Crime As An Individual And Social Phenomenon835 Words   |  4 PagesCriminology is the scientific study of crime as an individual and social phenomenon. Criminological research areas include the incidence of crime as well as its causes and consequences. They also include social and governmental regulations and reactions to crime. Nation master.com (2013) highlights that â€Å"in criminology the positivist school has attempted to find scientific objectivity for the measurement and quantification of crimina l behaviour†. The Positivist School of thought presumes thatRead MoreRobert Merton s Strain Theory1299 Words   |  6 PagesI have selected Robert Merton’s Strain theory and Edwin Sutherlands Differential Association theory and their approach to the study of crime for my essay. Robert Merton developed the theory that people engage in deviant behaviour when they can’t achieve socially approved goals by legitimate means. Deviance is a result of the strain an individual feels when they cannot achieve legitimately. Merton uses â€Å"The American Dream† to illustrate strain theory. Merton’s explanation is in two pieces; StructuralRead MoreAnalysis of Animal Kindom an Australian Movie1240 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal kingdom (2010) is an Australian movie about a seventeen-year-old boy named Josh Cody who is immersed in a world of crime during the mid-1980’s. Due to the death of his mother Josh is left with no other option then to move in with his criminal relatives. Josh’s grandmother Janine (also referred to as ‘Smurf’) welcomes Josh to live with her and her three beloved sons, Andrew (Pope), Craig and Darren. Craig is a mid level drug dealer whilst Pope and his best friend Barry Brown (Baz) are armedRead More Differential Association Essay3062 Words   |  13 Pages Sutherland’s Differential Association nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Born August 13, 1883 in Gibbon, Nebraska, Edwin H. Sutherland grew up and studied in Ottawa, Kansas, and Grand Island, Nebraska. After receiving his B.A degree from Grand Island College in 1904, he taught Latin, Greek, History, and shorthand for two years at Sioux Falls College in South Dakota. In 1906 he left Sioux Falls College and entered graduate school at the University of Chicago from which he received his doctorate. (GaylordRead MoreThe Theory, Differential Association Theory And Effectiveness Of Boys Girls Club Of America3148 Words   |  13 PagesThis paper examines the concepts of criminological theory, the history of criminological theory, differential association theory, and the effectiveness of Boys Girls Club of America. The basis of criminological theory is to provide an explanation for what causes crime and criminal behavior. The differential association theory was a leading sociological crime theory that was created by Edwin H. Sutherlan d. This theory argues that delinquent behavior is learned through interactions and communicationRead MoreJohn Gotti Received More Publicity Any Crime Figure, Discuss the Theories Developed by Merton and Sutherland and Compare and Contrast Regarding Which Would Describe Gottis Criminal Development4321 Words   |  18 PagesDifferential Association Theory Differential association theory was Sutherland s major sociological contribution to criminology; similar in importance to strain theory and social control theory. These theories all explain deviance in terms of the individual s social relationships. Sutherland s theory departs from the pathological perspective and biological perspective by attributing the cause of crime to the social context of individuals. He rejected biological determinism and the extremeRead MoreThe Relationship between Delinquency and Drug Use2005 Words   |  9 Pagespositive correlation, especially when there was gang membership involved. The theory I have chosen to tie in with my review of the articles I found is the social learning theory of Edwin Sutherland known as differential association theory. According to Britannica online, Sutherland s differential association theory of delinquent behavior is learned from other persons who are also engaged in delinquent behaviors. Sutherland believes that a person becomes delinquent because of an access amount of exposureRead More The Analytical Contrast of Corporate Deviance in Differential Association and Strain Theory2324 Words   |  10 PagesThe applications of these theories encompass contributing social environments that are synonymous with the work ethics being fostered in corporate deviant behaviourisms. One ideology in particular, the â€Å"American Dream† is attacked as a promoter of this through its means of success being defined in culture as monetary gain and social status as the way of life (Schoepfer, 2006, p. 4-9). This mentality is adapted to the corporate world as a dominant coalition amongst business practices is developedRead MoreWhite Collar Crime Coined By Edwin Sutherland2133 Words   |  9 PagesStreet. As a result, crime and criminal behaviour can be explained using a broad set of theories presented by scholars with the focus ranging from the individual offender to the offender’s environment and external influences. White-collar crime coined by Edwin Sutherland, for example, is a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation (Tatham, 2016). The case of Stratton Oakmont in the 1990s is an example highlighting the complexity of white-collarRead MoreThe Social Learning Theory Of Delinquent Behavior Essay1853 Words   |  8 Pagespositive correlation, especially when there was gang membership involved. The theory I have chosen to tie in with my review of the articles I found is the social learning theory of Edwin Sutherland known as differential association theory. According to Britannica online, Sutherland’s differential association theory of delinquent behavior is learned from other persons who are also engaged in delinquent behaviors. Sutherland believes that a person becomes delinquent because of an access amount of exposure

Essay on Andrea Yates the Hand That Rocked the Cradle

Andrea Yates: The Hand That Rocked The Cradle Noble Woods III PSY 303 Abnormal Psychology Julie Bruno 19 September 2011 In 1964 Andrea Yates was born into a Roman Catholic family. She had had a normal upbringing. Andrea graduated valedictorian of her class in 1982. After high school Andrea continued her education and became a Registered Nurse. In 1984 Andrea met Russell â€Å"Rusty† Yates. The couple dated and eventually fell in love. They married in 1993, and started a family. Andrea Yates suffered from mental illness. In 2001, Andrea drowned her five children in a bathtub in her home. After years of court hearings, testing, and over-turned rulings, Andrea was found not guilty by reason of insanity. Yates was diagnosed†¦show more content†¦Eileen Starbranch, she urged the couple not to have more children because it would guarantee future psychotic depression. Seven weeks after Andrea’s discharge the Yateses conceived their fifth child (AP, 2006). After suffering for years with severe postpartum depression and psychosis, Andrea Yates drowned her five children on June 20, 2001. The conviction of capital murder and sentence to life in prison with the possibility of parole after 40 years was later overturned on appeal. Andrea Yates suffered from unrecognized bipolar illness, and had been treated intermittently for diagnoses of depression, postpartum depression, and schizophrenia. Andrea’s disorders fall well within the guidelines and use of the Axis V tool according to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) published by the American Psychiatric Association. Many people have criticized the ruling to over-turn the capital punishment, life in prison sentence. I tend to agree that the acts of Andrea Yates are horrendous. I wonder how a mother could possibly murder her children. Andrea Yates does not deny the fact that she murdered her children. She admits that she did it. What intrigues me and m akes me also reconsider the conviction is the reasons why Andrea did this unspeakable act. Research enabled me conclude that in addition to her depression and mood disorders, Andrea was a victim of her environment. Rusty Yates introduced a former acquaintance fromShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesto quickly make sense of the results of their score. Instructor’s manual—An Instructor’s Manual guides instructors in interpreting self-assessments and helps facilitate better classroom discussion. Acknowledgments Getting this book into your hands was a team effort. It took faculty reviewers and a talented group of designers and production specialists, editorial personnel, and marketing and sales staff. More than one hundred instructors reviewed parts or all of Organizational Behavior, Fifteenth

Essay on Love In A Midsummer Night’s Dream - 524 Words

True love’s path is paved with every step. Through the assistance of fanciful elements as well as characters Puck and Oberon, the true message of love in William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is revealed. The four lovers know the direction in which their hearts are inclined to turn, but when the love potion is administered, the bounds of their rectangle are thrashed without knowledge or consent. The rapid shifts in affection between the play’s â€Å"four lovers† is representative of the idea that love isn’t a conscious choice, but a cruel game in which we are the figurines, being controlled by whomever the player may be, relating the characters’ karmic fates. In the beginning Helena vouches to be madly in love with Demetrius†¦show more content†¦Yet after being influenced by the love potion, Demetrius completely reverses the stand he so fervently took. He then begins to refer to the once revolting Helena as being... â€Å" [†¦] godess, nymph, perfect, divine!† (III.ii. 137). Could this alteration in devotion be a metaphorical transference by Shakespeare of what we presently refer to as karma? Hermia, originally the Apple of all Athens’ eye, put on an impossible pedestal by both Lysander and Demetrius, seems to trade social standings with the outcast Helena. It seems that Hermia doesn’t fully appreciate the quality of her state. She complains that her father will not allow her to merry her true love Lysander, and pawns her off to the inadequate Demetrius. Never can she accept the flattery of Demetrius’ unrequited love which her best friend would do anything to sincerely receive. Instead she revels in wonderment: â€Å"The more I [Hermia] hate, the more he [Demetrius] follows me† (I.i.198). Her unhappiness is far heightened when her two followers are given the love potion, turning them against her and beckoning to Helena. The cruel swap of fates lets the tw o female characters feel as though in the others’ shoes. It’s Hermia’s karma for being ungrateful at the attention bestowed upon her all these years that leads her to this harsh lesson. When all is said and done, the potion is reversed, seeming only as an unsettling dream to all but Demetrius who (perhaps as a consolation prize for Helena)Show MoreRelatedLove in A Midsummer Night’s Dream1043 Words   |  5 PagesLove in A Midsummer Night’s Dream Throughout the events which unfold in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare delivers several messages on love. Through this play, one of the significant ideas he suggests is that love is blind, often defying logic and overriding other emotions and priorities. Helena loves Demetrius unconditionally and pursues him despite knowing that he loathes her; conflict arises between Helena and Hermia, childhood best friends, over Demetrius and Lysander; and becauseRead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream- Love1141 Words   |  5 Pages In the play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, written by William Shakespeare, a literary technique known as â€Å"doubling† is used to convey entertainment, mystery and reality as the story line for Lysander and Demetrius, Helena and Hermia, Oberon and Theseus, and Titania and Hippolyta. †Doubling† shows indistinguishable personalities of each character but completely contrapositive background stories and actions. Lysander and Demetri us are completely identical except for their personality, actions, and theRead MoreTheme Of Love In A Midsummer Nights Dream1041 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Love in A Midsummer Night’s Dream Love within the modern society has taken on a flippant meaning, depending on the phraseology used around the context of the word. Love is used interchangeably with the idea that â€Å"I love apple pie† to â€Å"I love this new car† to the point in which the term love is devalued within our society. How can one say they love their spouse or children and not devalue the true meaning of this intent, when they claim to love apple pie as well? Within the playRead MoreTheme Of Love In A Midsummer Nights Dream907 Words   |  4 PagesA Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay There are several types of love that can be found within the play, â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† by William Shakespeare. I will cover the following three types of love found in the play, forced love, romantic love, and parental love. In the play Shakespeare actually tries to show the audience just how fickle love can be and even goes out of his way to poke fun at those who cannot let go of the love that they feel for another person. Another concept that ShakespeareRead MoreTheme Of Love In A Midsummer Nights Dream704 Words   |  3 PagesShakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream central theme of love A common theme in literature is love. Love can take hold in an instant and can make you do things you never would have done otherwise. Love appears in several different ways in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Hermia and Lysander show true love, while Helena demonstrates unrequited love. Titania and Bottom presents us with magic love. In the play, love is also the cause of a few broken hearts. While there is no one common definitionRead MoreMidsummer Night’s Dream: The Power of Love1260 Words   |  6 Pages Love is a powerful emotion, capable of turning reasonable people into fools. Out of love, ridiculous emotions arise, like jealousy and desperation. Love can shield us from the truth, narrowing a perspective to solely what the lover wants to see. Though beautiful and inspiring when requited, a love unreturned can be devastating and maddening. In his play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, William Shakespeare comically explores the flaw s and suffering of lovers. Four young Athenians: DemetriusRead MoreThe Theme Of Love In A Midsummer Nights Dream755 Words   |  4 Pageshaving a cheerful ending. A Midsummer Night’s Dream is a comedy with a theme of love’s difficulties. Articulating the theme, Lysander, one of the main characters, states, â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth,† (I.i.134). Female characters of the play, Hermia, Helena, Hippolyta, and Titania, have a significant role in the delivery of the theme of love’s difficulties. Hermia, the â€Å"disobedient† daughter of Egeus, has much in common with today’s females. She let love and the potential of happinessRead MoreTheme Of Love Gone Love And A Midsummer Nights Dream1892 Words   |  8 PagesLiterature Theme Comparison Love is a popular theme in a multitude of literature pieces throughout the times. Forbidden love seems nearly as popular as does love gone wrong and unconditional love. Two tales that contain the theme of forbidden love, the theme of love gone wrong, and the theme of unconditional love are: William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Fay Weldon’s â€Å"IND AFF or Out of Love in Sarajevo.† Though these stories were both written many years apart, they have a commonalityRead MoreDifferent Types of Love in Midsummer Night’s Dream1508 Words   |  7 PagesTypes of Love in Midsummer Night’s Dream Love and lovers, both can be described as many different things. William Shakespeare shows us this in his play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream. In this play we see all types of love, from passionate love to foolish love. Along with this we also see different types of lovers and pairs. Examples of these lovers come from pairs like, Hermia and Lysander, Demetrius and Helena, Titana and Bottom, and Oberon and Titana. It seems that in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, ShakespeareRead MoreEssay on A Midsummer Night’s Dream: The Variations of Love900 Words   |  4 PagesLove is only as strong as the people who share it. In William Shakespeare’s play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, there are relationships from all different viewpoints of love. Four Athenian lovers are caught in a web of love for the wrong person, according to fellow peevish characters. Along the story line of the play, one will be introduced to additional characters that try to be helpful by committing acts they presume will benefit the young lovers, but these characters actually create plot-twists.

How does Shaw introduce his ideas about society and language in the first two acts of Pygmalion Free Essays

From the first two acts of Pygmalion, Bernard Shaw has already begun to develop society and language using a number of different techniques and aspects. In the first act the audience is introduced to three main social classes all brought together by the weather. We see their stereotyped judgements, their attitudes and prejudices against each other. We will write a custom essay sample on How does Shaw introduce his ideas about society and language in the first two acts of Pygmalion? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is Higgins belief that men trying to climb the social ladder will â€Å"give themselves away every time they open their mouths† (Act 1). Shaw also uses accent, revealing society’s bias that accent is the key to social status. This is already apparent through the proleptic irony of Liza, and the status of those around her. Humour is used to show how different the characters’ situations are. Each class has at least one character that is humorous, but all their wit and comedy originates from different sources, for example Liza and her need for money. The first two acts of Pygmalion show great insight into the well-rounded representatives, which will come together and make Shaw’s image of society. Shaw commences by exploring the different social classes. All classes have been unexpectedly gathered under a shelter from the rain and bustling streets of London. There are three main types. The upper class consisting of Higgins and Pickering, the servants consisting of Mrs Pearce, and the lower class consisting of the Dolittles. The assortment of social classes have little respect of each other, but are together cautiously civil. However Higgins disrupts the peace by commenting that a woman who talks with a cockney accent has â€Å"no right to live† (Act 1). He sees no harm in expressing his extreme prejudices, widening the gap between the social classes. This prejudice is seen in act two when Higgins describes the current stranger, Alfred Dolittle, as a â€Å"blackguard. † He makes the assumption that Dolittle is an uncivil, unpleasant human being simply because he is Liza’s father and therefore the same class. Even Pickering assumes they will â€Å"have trouble with him†(Act 2). This is a rare example in the first two acts of Pickering sharing the same prejudices as Higgins. In act two Pickering urges take â€Å"no advantage† of Liza’s position. Shaw avoids using stereotypes. He portrays Higgins as a man who goes in the opposite direction to the rest of society in most matters. He would take the chance of trying to turn Liza into â€Å"the Queen of Sheba† (Act 1). He is impatient with high society, forgetful of his public graces, and poorly considerable of normal social niceties. Along with believing he alone has the ability to change a persons direction in life. Shaw also represents the differences between the social classes in the characters of Liza and Clara, the daughter. Clara is a weak, fragile character. Her reaction when Freddy fails to find her a cab is â€Å"Do you expect us to go and get one ourselves? â€Å"(Act 1) She is impatient and completely dependent on others. However, lower down in social status in Liza who is a complete contrast. She is witty and strong. She encourages the gentleman by telling him to â€Å"cheer up; and buy a flower off a poor girl. † Unlike Clara she is very independent which is also shown in Act two when she asks Higgins for lesson. In this case Higgins main belief is that Liza’s accent can change her status. Higgins’ is, of course, extremely biased. He believes that † a woman who utters such depressing and disgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere† (Act 1). He represents a side to society, which many people may outwardly oppose, but internally agree with. He believes that Liza’s English â€Å"will keep her in the gutter to the end of her days† (Act 1) It is his conviction that the key to social status is accent. Higgins’ has a higher social status than Liza, so disapproves of her accent. The contrast of Liza and Higgins’ expression and pronunciation shows how Shaw has introduced society and language in Pygmalion. Liza’s coarse and broad cockney accent can be difficult to represent without the phonetic alphabet. She asks, â€Å"Ow, eez ye-ooa san, is e? â€Å"(Act 1) meaning ‘oh he’s your son, is he? ‘ This is a complete conflict with Higgins â€Å"resorting to the most thrillingly beautiful low tones†(Act 1. ) The imaginably high-pitched shrieks, â€Å"Ah-ah-ah-ow-ow-oo,† of Liza’s expression supports Higgins’ theory that a cockney accent is less widely accepted. The contrast in pronunciation represents the contrast in social status. The variety of accents and expressions is also evident in the humour from the different social classes. Shaw uses humour to introduce society and language by concentrating their humour on their circumstances. The audience can see this through Liza and Higgins. When Liza becomes annoyed with Higgins she exclaims, â€Å"Don’t be so saucy. † When Higgins is asked about Liza he jokes â€Å"put her in the dustbin†. Both these remarks are very comical. Higgins and Liza use many of the same techniques in their humour as they are obvious, rude, witty and smart mouthed. However, the majority of their humour is based around their status. Liza is comical about her desperation for money and her ignorance of higher classes. She cries, â€Å"I’ve never took off all my clothes before. It’s not right. † She doesn’t understand any other way of living, but her own. However, Higgins’ source of humour originates from his high status, and good education. He amuses other characters and the audience by assessing where they are from. He boasts, â€Å"your mother’s Epsom, unmistakeably. † His irritating intelligence complicates civil situations. Higgins’ also uses sarcasm and continually mocks those of a lower class, again portraying his narrow-mindedness. He exclaims, â€Å"Shall we ask this baggage to sit down or throw her out the window,†(Act 2). He is purposely rude and unlike with his own class, he fails to be courteous and apologize. Higgins’ is portrayed as a cheeky, yet charming character. He makes the most iconoclastic, scandalous statements, but all with such wit and humour that the audience cannot help but find his ideas attractive. In the same way, Alfred Dolittle’s tactics of persuasion and lack of morals are humorous. He describes Liza by saying â€Å"in the light of a young woman, she’s a fine handsome girl. As a daughter, she’s not worth her keep† (Act 2). He will happily exchange his daughter for money, using light-hearted, humorous language. Freddy’s humour is based around a much more simple situation, but still reflects his status. The woman left him â€Å"with a cab on my hands! Damnation! † His dilemma is laughed at and not with. The fact he orders a cab and then becomes frustrated that he has one, shows the insignificant problems of the higher class compared to the poorer classes. Therefore, Bernard Shaw introduces his ideas about society and language in the first two acts by investigating the different aspects of the characters class and status. He develops his image of society by portraying the clear boundaries which separate class through characters, accent and expression, and humour. Through the prejudices which are displayed, Shaw delivers the subtle message that inside we are all the same, just as Liza believes that her â€Å"character is the same to me as any lady’s† (Act 1). Shaw begins to use the characters, their lives, attitudes and language to reflect Society’s intolerance and discrimination. 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Baby M Essay Research Paper Jerry Springer free essay sample

Baby M Essay, Research Paper Jerry Springer: Baby M and the Trobrianders The followers is a recording of Jerry Springer? s talk show on his visit to the Trobrianders of Papua New Guinea. His show is known for its visual aspect of dirts and Jerry finds it most fitting to convey the Baby M Case to Trobrianders for remarks and inputs. Kraut: Good eventide, everyone and welcome to our show. Tonight we bring to you our particular invitees, one of whom is Mrs. Whitehead who is the paid alternate female parent to the Sterns? Baby M. She has late given birth to Baby M and found that she could non run into with the surrogacy contract and give up her babe because she has developed an fond regard for Baby M. Tonight Mrs. Whitehead is here to face the Sterns with her determination in maintaining the babe. Please give a warm welcome for Mrs. Whitehead! [ Applause ] Kraut: Mrs. Whitehead, welcome to our show. How are you today? Mrs. Whitehead: I? m mulct, thank you Jerry. Kraut: Mrs. Whitehead, the narrative is that the Sterns paid you ten thousand dollars for you to transport Mr. Stern? s babe through unreal insemination ; but through the nine months of Nguyen 2 transporting the babe, you develop a bond with the babe and can non happen yourself to portion with the babe. Right? What? s the narrative here? Tell us. Mrs. Whitehead: Well, Jerry. My household and I were traveling through some hard times financially and the surrogacy clinic seems like an first-class solution to our jobs. And so, I went and took some trials at the clinic and go through the trials to go a foster female parent. Mr. Stern is non the first instance I? ve accepted but he was the first successful unnaturally inseminated male parent of my babe. I was to hold Mr. Stern? s babe through unreal insemination, present the babe, and take necessary processs to end my maternal rights so that Mrs. Stern could follow the babe afterwards. In return, the Sterns would pay me 10 thousand dollars for maintaining my portion with the contract. But you know what Jerry? I can? t leave her. I can? t leave my babe. She and I portion a particular bond. Audience: Aaawww! Kraut: Was there anything besides money that prompted you to accept the offer? Mrs. Whitehead: Yes, Jerry. I genuinely sympathized with those who could non hold kids. I wanted to give others the gift of life. Kraut: When you were traveling to travel through with this, did you see the possibility that you might desire to maintain your babe subsequently on? Mrs. Whitehead: No, non at all. But the minute I carried her, I knew I could non portion with her. I? m here tonight to state the Sterns that my babe stays with me and the contract is null. Audience: [ Applause ] Whooooaaaa! Kraut: Please give a warm welcome for Mr. Stern. Nguyen 3 [ Applause ] Kraut: Do you cognize this adult female? Mr. Stern: Yes. She is my babe? s alternate female parent. Kraut: Do you hold something to state him, Mrs. Whitehead? Mrs. Whitehead: Well, Mr. Stern. It? s like this. I know you merely allow the babe stay with me for a twosome of yearss because I was rather traumatized to be off from it and I have kept it for months now. But being with my babe once more merely makes me more determined than of all time to maintain it, so I? m here tonight to state you that I? m maintaining the babe. Mr. Stern: You? re what? ! ! Mrs. Whitehead: My girl is gone with my hubby. You won? T be able to happen her. Mr. Stern: She? s gone where? ? ! ! ! Oh my God! I can? t believe you? re making this. To believe, I felt awful for dividing you from her so shortly. I trusted you! Is that why you got me here? So that your hubby can steal my girl while I? m in another state? Mrs. Whitehead: No, I wanted you to come Papua New Guinea so that you could be more sympathetic toward my cause. I had hoped that after acquisition of the Trobrianders? belief in reproduction, you would experience that it would merely be right for my girl to be with me. Mr. Stern: Oh, no. My girl stays with me. Kraut: [ Addressing Mr. Stern ] What are you traveling to make? Mr. Stern: I? m traveling to travel place and battle for my girl? s detention. If I have to contend every tribunal in the United States, I will. The babe is truly mine. Audience: Boooooo! Nguyen 4 Kraut: From what I understand, your married woman Mrs. Stern is sterile? Mr. Stern: My married woman is enduring from certain wellness jobs and pregna ncy may do serious wellness hazards. Kraut: And you? ve evidently wanted to hold a household of your ain, otherwise you wouldn? Ts have gone through with this. Mr. Stern: Yes, my whole household was killed in the Holocaust and I didn? T want my lineage to decease with me. Kraut: Did you see acceptance? Mr. Stern: Actually, our first pick was acceptance, but with the holds and our age we decided upon surrogacy through ICNY. Kraut: And your married woman is to hold complete detention of Baby M in the event of your decease? Mr. Stern: Yes. Audience 1: Kraut, this is addressed to Mr. Stern. First of all, I would wish to state that the babe is non yours, Mr. Stern. The waiwaia spirit impregnated Mrs. Whitehead, non you. I don? T attention what the clinic told you but Baby M belongs to Mrs. Whitehead? s lineage. I can understand your choler in this state of affairs but your choler is directed toward the incorrect party. You are robbed but non robbed of your kid but of your money. The clinic cheated you of your money. If I were you, I? vitamin D go back to the United States and sued this ICNY for victimizing. Mr. Stern: You wear? T know what you? re speaking about. It? s my kid. Audience 2: I have one advice for you, Mr. Stern. If you want a household, take your married woman bathing in the sea. That is where she will most likely run into the waiwaia spirit and go Nguyen 5 pregnant. As for go oning your lineage, the impression is pathetic. That? s your sister? s occupation, non yours. Audience 3: Mr. Stern, from what I understand you have no sexual intercourse with Mrs. Whitehead. Therefore, the kid can non be yours. She is Mrs. Whitehead? s and her hubby? s. Mrs. Whitehead and the waiwaia spirit from her enation created the foetus and this foetus blossomed when her hubby nurtured it through their sexual intercourse. I don? T understand how this babe is yours. I don? t think any tribunal of jurisprudence will allow you detention of Baby M. Audience 4: What do you trust to make by conveying Mrs. Whitehead to the tribunal of jurisprudence, Mr. Stern? Equally far as I? m concern, there are no charges besides the charges of a despairing adult male who tries to nobble a adult female of her kid. If any tribunal of jurisprudence grants you custody, I will be the first to contend this tribunal because this tribunal is non natural. It does non follow with the reproduction of mixing the waiwaia spirit and the adult female? s blood. Anything that deviates from this belief is ruled by black magic. Audience 5: This is addressed to Mrs. Whitehead. Mrs. Whitehead, do you see allowing Mr. Stern follow your kid if he so much wants to be a male parent? That manner, Mr. Stern can be a male parent and you can still be with your girl. I myself am an adoptive kid. I stay with my adopted parents and larn their accomplishments in charming enchantments and on occasion see my existent parents. It works both ways. My adoptive parents have a kid and my existent parents besides have my attending. Since you already have other kids, giving a small portion of your new girl won? t injury much. Nguyen 6 Mrs. Whitehead: You wear? t understand. Once I give up my kid for acceptance, I give up all of my trials and hers. Audience 6: You? re right, I don? t understand at all. One does non sell one? s kid for 10 thousand dollars. Why do set so much value in a piece of paper? There is no usage for money except possibly for firewood. Even to this point, I still wear? t understand the usage of money of purchasing baccy and fish, allow entirely a kid. Audience 7: Mrs. Whitehead, if the tribunal of jurisprudence won? t Lashkar-e-Taiba you maintain your girl, you merely travel right over here with us. We do non allow anyone take a kid from its rightful parents. [ Applause ] Afterthought from Jerry Springer Kraut: For many centuries, reproduction has been a touchy topic. Depending on your civilization, you may keep really different beliefs on the line of descent of your kids. The Trobrianders believe that their kids come from their enation and the male parents have no custodies in making a foetus. However, that belief does non take away the importance of male parents, for they nurture the foetus until birth and give their kids societal position. It is non up to the male to go on the lineage but the female to go on the enation. The male? s responsibility is to supply for the enation. If it were up the Trobrianders to make up ones mind, they would likely govern in favour of Mrs. Whitehead, but this instance is to be settled in the United States and the consequences are to be seen. Until following clip, take attention of yourself and each other.